rbind() and cbind() functions allows to combine sequences by rows or columns respectively.
The arguments are:
- vectors or matrices the be combined.
deparse.level: integer controlling the construction of labels in the case of non-matrix-like arguments (for the default method): deparse.level = 0 constructs no labels; the default, deparse.level = 1 or 2 constructs labels from the argument names.
cbind(), bind by columns:dim(iris)## [1] 150 5head = head(iris)
head## Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
## 1 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 2 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 3 4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 4 4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 5 5.0 3.6 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 6 5.4 3.9 1.7 0.4 setosadim(head)## [1] 6 5tail = tail(iris)
tail## Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
## 145 6.7 3.3 5.7 2.5 virginica
## 146 6.7 3.0 5.2 2.3 virginica
## 147 6.3 2.5 5.0 1.9 virginica
## 148 6.5 3.0 5.2 2.0 virginica
## 149 6.2 3.4 5.4 2.3 virginica
## 150 5.9 3.0 5.1 1.8 virginicadim(tail)## [1] 6 5bindcolumns = cbind(head, tail)
bindcolumns## Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species Sepal.Length
## 1 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa 6.7
## 2 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 setosa 6.7
## 3 4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa 6.3
## 4 4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa 6.5
## 5 5.0 3.6 1.4 0.2 setosa 6.2
## 6 5.4 3.9 1.7 0.4 setosa 5.9
## Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
## 1 3.3 5.7 2.5 virginica
## 2 3.0 5.2 2.3 virginica
## 3 2.5 5.0 1.9 virginica
## 4 3.0 5.2 2.0 virginica
## 5 3.4 5.4 2.3 virginica
## 6 3.0 5.1 1.8 virginicadim(bindcolumns)## [1] 6 10rbind(), bind by rows:dim(iris)## [1] 150 5head = head(iris)
head## Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
## 1 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 2 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 3 4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 4 4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 5 5.0 3.6 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 6 5.4 3.9 1.7 0.4 setosadim(head)## [1] 6 5tail = tail(iris)
tail## Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
## 145 6.7 3.3 5.7 2.5 virginica
## 146 6.7 3.0 5.2 2.3 virginica
## 147 6.3 2.5 5.0 1.9 virginica
## 148 6.5 3.0 5.2 2.0 virginica
## 149 6.2 3.4 5.4 2.3 virginica
## 150 5.9 3.0 5.1 1.8 virginicadim(tail)## [1] 6 5bindrows = rbind(head, tail)
bindrows## Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
## 1 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 2 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 3 4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 4 4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 5 5.0 3.6 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 6 5.4 3.9 1.7 0.4 setosa
## 145 6.7 3.3 5.7 2.5 virginica
## 146 6.7 3.0 5.2 2.3 virginica
## 147 6.3 2.5 5.0 1.9 virginica
## 148 6.5 3.0 5.2 2.0 virginica
## 149 6.2 3.4 5.4 2.3 virginica
## 150 5.9 3.0 5.1 1.8 virginicadim(bindrows)## [1] 12 5deparse.level parameter has 3 options: 0,1 and 2. Depending of the options columns name’s will be different as showed in the following piece of code. Default value is 1.m = 1:5
m## [1] 1 2 3 4 5cbind(m,1:10) #default value is 1## m
## [1,] 1 1
## [2,] 2 2
## [3,] 3 3
## [4,] 4 4
## [5,] 5 5
## [6,] 1 6
## [7,] 2 7
## [8,] 3 8
## [9,] 4 9
## [10,] 5 10cbind(m,1:10, deparse.level = 0)## [,1] [,2]
## [1,] 1 1
## [2,] 2 2
## [3,] 3 3
## [4,] 4 4
## [5,] 5 5
## [6,] 1 6
## [7,] 2 7
## [8,] 3 8
## [9,] 4 9
## [10,] 5 10cbind(m,1:10, deparse.level = 1)## m
## [1,] 1 1
## [2,] 2 2
## [3,] 3 3
## [4,] 4 4
## [5,] 5 5
## [6,] 1 6
## [7,] 2 7
## [8,] 3 8
## [9,] 4 9
## [10,] 5 10cbind(m,1:10, deparse.level = 2)## m 1:10
## [1,] 1 1
## [2,] 2 2
## [3,] 3 3
## [4,] 4 4
## [5,] 5 5
## [6,] 1 6
## [7,] 2 7
## [8,] 3 8
## [9,] 4 9
## [10,] 5 10
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